Julien Gibon
Roles of TRPC6 channels and of the antidepressant hyperforin in the homeostasis of zinc in murine cortical neurons
Published on 28 November 2011
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Thesis presented September 28, 2011
Abstract:
TRPC6 channels are non selective plasma membrane cation channels permeable to calcium and sodium. In addition,
in vitro data showed that they can transport manganese, barium or iron. These channels can be activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) or DAG analogues like SAG or OAG. They are also sensitive to hyperforin (a plant extract exhibiting antidepressant properties). ICP-OES experiments, X-ray synchrotron imaging and live-cell FluoZin-3 imaging show that the over expression of TRPC6 in HEK cells increases their zinc and sulfur content. This enrichment is associated with an increased sensitivity of transfected cells to oxidative stress by enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species in response to oxidative insults. The entry of zinc permitted by SAG or hyperforin is more pronounced in cells over-expressing TRPC6 when compared to HEK or HEK-TRPC3 cells. TRPC6 channels are expressed in cortical neurons. Electrophysiological recordings and experiments with the fluorescent zinc probe FluoZin-3 demonstrated that TRPC6 channels are permeable to zinc in neurons. The size of the 2-2 'dithiodipyridine (DTDP) sensitive pool of zinc is augmented after the entry of this metal through TRPC6. These channels form a zinc entry pathway in cortical neurons. In some cell types, TRPC6 are involved in the mechanism of calcium entry in response to the depletion of intracellular pools of calcium. This calcium entry occurs via store-operated Ca channels (SOC). In our experiments, we have shown that in cortical neurons, hyperforin-sensitive channels and SOC are distinct since they exhibit distinct pharmacological properties. Hyperforin influences the homeostasis of metals in cortical neurons. We found that acute or chronic applications of this antidepressant decreases the size of the mitochondrial pools of calcium and zinc. In addition,
in vitro and
in vivo data show that a chronic treatment causes a cellular redistribution of zinc, associated with an increased expression of metallothioneins. Furthermore, brains of mice are enriched in sulfur. It seems that this antidepressant influences the zinc storage capacities of brain cells by altering the cellular expression of thiol-containing molecules. Hyperforin is an extract of the medicinal plant St John Worth. This latter one possesses complex properties, acting notably on the BDNF pathway. A chronic treatment with hyperforin increases the expression of TrkB and P-TrkB in the cortex of mice. In cortical neurons, TrkB, CREB and P-CREB are up regulated by a chronic treatment with hyperforin. This process is sensitive to inhibitors of PKA, TRPC6 channels and to the chelator of calcium BAPTA-AM. On the other hand, a chronic treatment with hyperforin does not influence the BDNF pathway in the hippocampus and also does not modulate the adult neurogenesis. Thus, the brain effects of hyperforin are distinct from those induced by the whole St John Worth extract.
Keywords:
TRPC6, zinc, neurons, hyperforin, mice, cortex
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